The billionaires spending a fortune to lure scientists to a ‘bounty hunt’

The motivation behind Arena has scientific, financial and even emotional components. Its earliest backers first mused about the idea at a late-2021 confab at a mansion in Austin, Texas, where Dell, along with early Facebook investor James W. Breyer and an owner of the Celtics, Stephen Pagliuca, vented to one another about the seemingly endless requests for money from collegiate fundraisers.

Pagliuca had donated hundreds of millions of dollars to his alma maters, Duke University and Harvard, largely earmarked for science. That earned him seats on four advisory boards at the institutions, but it began to dawn on him that he didn’t have any concrete idea what all that money had produced, save for his name on a few plaques outside various university buildings.

Over the subsequent months, those early backers teamed up with a Boston venture capitalist and trained medical doctor, Thomas Cahill, to devise a plan. Cahill said he would help find frustrated academics willing to give up their hard-fought university tenure, as well as scientists from companies like Pfizer, in exchange for a hefty cut of the profits from any drugs they discovered. Arena’s billionaire backers will keep 30 per cent, with the remainder flowing to scientists and for overhead.

For-profit science is, of course, nothing new; the $US1.5 trillion pharmaceutical industry provides ample proof. Businesspeople such as Jeff Bezos and Peter Thiel have poured hundreds of millions of dollars into startups that try to extend human life, and plenty of pharmaceutical companies have raided universities for talent.

A sizable percentage of drugs originate from government or university grants, or a mix of the two. From 2010 to 2016, each of the 210 new drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration was connected to research funded by the National Institutes of Health, according to the scientific journal PNAS. A 2019 study from a former dean of Harvard Medical School, Jeffrey Flier, said a majority of “new insights” into biology and disease came from academia.

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That system has long-standing advantages. Universities, generally helped by their nonprofit status, have a nearly limitless, low-paid supply of research assistants to help scientists with early-stage research. Groundbreaking drugs, including penicillin, were born from this model.

The problem, scientists and researchers say, is that there can be years-long waits for university institutional approvals to move forward with promising research. The process, aimed at sifting out unrealistic proposals and protecting safety, can involve writing long essays that can consume more than half of some scientists’ time. When funding does come through, the initial research idea is often already stale, setting off a new cycle of grant applications for projects sure to be outdated in their own time.

Stuart Schreiber, a longtime Harvard-affiliated researcher who quit to be Arena’s lead scientist, said his more out-there ideas rarely received backing. “It got to the point where I realised the only way to get funding was to apply to study something that had already been done,” Schreiber said.

Schreiber’s cachet — he is a pioneering chemical biologist in areas like DNA testing — helped attract nearly 100 researchers to Arena. Harvard declined to comment on his departure and that of others he helped lure.

An air of calculated secrecy has swirled around Arena’s operations. Joung, who resigned from Mass General last year, said that he did not tell former colleagues where he was going and that several had asked if he was terminally ill. Cahill said several scientists he hired had their university email access swiftly disabled and received stiff legal threats of retribution if they tried to recruit former colleagues — a common phenomenon in the business world that counts as brass knuckles in academia.

The five billionaires backing Arena include Michael Chambers, a manufacturing titan and the wealthiest man in North Dakota, and Elisabeth DeLuca, the widow of a founder of the Subway chain. They have each put in $US100 million and expect to double or triple their investment in later rounds.

In confidential materials provided to investors and others, Arena describes itself as “a privately funded, fully independent, public good.”

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Arena’s backers said in interviews that they did not intend to entirely cut off their giving to universities. Duke turned down an offer from Pagliuca, an alumnus and board member, to set up part of the lab there. Dell, a major donor to the University of Texas hospital system in his hometown, Austin, leased space for a second Arena laboratory there.

Schreiber said it would require years — and billions of dollars in additional funding — before the team would learn whether its model led to the production of any worthy drugs.

“Is it going to be better or worse?” Schreiber said. “I don’t know, but it’s worth a shot.”

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.